In daily development, SQL performance issues often become one of the main reasons for system performance bottlenecks. Especially when the amount of data is growing rapidly, inefficient SQL queries may lead to increased database load, increased query latency, and even serious problems such as system unavailability. Therefore, it is particularly important for developers to master SQL optimization techniques. This article will systematically introduce how to discover SQL performance issues and efficient SQL optimization ideas to help developers improve database query performance. Contents S…

In a high-concurrency database environment, row lock is a fine-grained lock mechanism provided by MySQL. It allows multiple transactions to operate on different records of the same table at the same time, greatly improving the concurrency performance of the database. However, in some special cases, row lock may degenerate into table lock, causing the entire table to be locked, thus significantly reducing concurrency performance. This article will deeply analyze the implementation principle of row lock in MySQL, the triggering conditions and reasons for degenerating into table lock, and provide...

In MySQL, locks are the key mechanism to ensure concurrency control, data consistency, and transaction isolation. With the growth of database applications, how to efficiently manage concurrent operations has become a core issue in database performance optimization. MySQL provides a variety of lock mechanisms, including row locks and table locks, and implements the ACID characteristics of transactions through the close integration of lock mechanisms and indexes. In this article, we will explore in depth the implementation of MySQL locks, the difference between row locks and table locks, and the relationship between locks and indexes, to help developers...

Indexes in MySQL are one of the key factors in optimizing database performance. When designing and implementing the data structure of the index, MySQL chose B+ tree as the main storage structure. This choice performs well in terms of query performance and disk I/O efficiency. However, B+ tree is not the only index implementation solution. Common alternative data structures include hash table, binary tree, B tree and skip list. This article will analyze the characteristics of these data structures in detail, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and focus on answering the questions about MySQL.

In database development, transactions are one of the most important concepts, especially in scenarios with high concurrency and strict data consistency requirements. As a popular relational database, MySQL provides strong support for transactions, but many developers are not familiar with its implementation principles, design logic, and precautions in daily use. This article will deeply analyze the transaction implementation mechanism of MySQL, explain the four major characteristics of transactions and the problems they solve, analyze why MySQL is designed in this way, and propose some tips for developers to use transactions in their daily lives.

In object-oriented systems, we often need to perform different operations on complex data structures. If the operation logic is embedded directly inside the data structure, it will not only increase the complexity of the class, but also make the code difficult to maintain and expand. The Visitor Pattern provides an elegant way to define new operations for these structures by separating operations from data structures. This article will introduce the concept of the Visitor Pattern in detail, the difference from other patterns, the problems it solves, and implementation examples in Golang...

In a complex system, some requests need to be processed by multiple objects, and these objects may have different processing logic. If we use conditional statements in each object to handle these requests, it will not only increase the complexity of the code, but also make the system difficult to maintain. The Chain of Responsibility Pattern elegantly solves this problem by passing requests along the processing chain to achieve decoupling between objects. This article will introduce the Chain of Responsibility Pattern in detail...

In some software systems, we need to deal with complex business rules, syntax parsing or expression evaluation. In order to simplify the parsing and processing of these logics, the Interpreter Pattern provides an elegant solution. The Interpreter Pattern is often used to build a custom language or simplify complex rule engines, such as mathematical expression evaluation, command parsers, configuration file parsing, and other scenarios. This article will introduce the concept of the Interpreter Pattern, the difference from other patterns, and the problems it solves...

In software development, we often encounter the need to save the historical state of an object so that it can be restored to a specific state when necessary. For example, a text editor needs to support undo and redo functions, and a game needs to record the player's save files. In order to elegantly implement state preservation and restoration, the Memento Pattern provides an excellent solution. This article will introduce the concept of the Memento Pattern in detail, the difference between it and other design patterns, the problems it solves, its implementation in Golang, and how to use it in...

In software development, it is a common requirement to handle behavior changes when an object changes state. In order to avoid using complex conditional judgments in the code, the State Pattern provides an elegant solution. Through the State Pattern, we can encapsulate the behaviors of different states into independent state classes, making state management clearer and more flexible. This article will explore the concept of the State Pattern, the difference from other patterns, the problems it solves, implementation examples in Golang, and practical applications of the State Pattern.